Navigating the Humanitarian Crisis: Trends and Impacts on
Pakistan
By Tahir Ali Shah – March 7, 2025
The world is experiencing an unprecedented humanitarian crisis, with over 360 million people urgently needing assistance. This sharp increase is primarily driven by conflicts, climate disasters, and economic instability. Meanwhile, global funding for aid is decreasing, making it increasingly difficult for humanitarian organizations to respond effectively.
Pakistan is at the center of this crisis. The country is
grappling with multiple challenges, including the recent influx of Afghan
refugees and climate-induced disasters like floods and droughts. These
circumstances highlight the urgent need for a more sustainable, long-term
approach to humanitarian aid. This article explores key global trends shaping
humanitarian responses and their impact on Pakistan.
Funding Cuts: The Ripple Effect on Pakistan
Historically, humanitarian aid has been funded by wealthy
nations such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union.
However, economic challenges and shifting political priorities have resulted in
significant cuts to aid. The U.S. reduced foreign aid by nearly $60 billion
during the Trump administration. While some funding has been restored, it still
remains below previous levels. Similarly, the UK has decreased its aid budget
from 0.7% to 0.5% of GDP, leading to nearly £4 billion in annual reductions.
These funding cuts are already having an impact in countries
like Pakistan, where humanitarian programs heavily rely on international
support. For example, the UN World Food Program (WFP) recently announced
reductions in food aid due to funding shortages, affecting vulnerable
populations, including Afghan refugees and flood victims.
To bridge these funding gaps, alternative financing models
are needed. Private sector investment, public-private partnerships, and climate
adaptation funds could provide new sources of support. Countries like
Bangladesh have successfully attracted international investments in climate
resilience programs, a model that Pakistan could consider adopting.
The Afghan Refugee Crisis: A Growing Challenge
Pakistan has hosted one of the largest refugee populations
in the world, with an estimated 4.4 million Afghan refugees. However, the
government's recent order to expel 1.7 million undocumented Afghan refugees has
raised serious concerns regarding human rights and regional stability.
This situation reflects a broader global trend, as many
countries are tightening their asylum policies, making it increasingly
difficult for displaced populations to find safety. For instance, the European
Union has implemented stricter border controls, and the United States has
recently ended several humanitarian parole programs.
The reality is that most refugees remain displaced for decades; in fact, 70% of them spend over 20 years in this situation. Instead of relying solely on temporary aid, Pakistan could explore more sustainable solutions, such as providing legal work permits for refugees and implementing integration programs similar to those in Jordan and Uganda, where refugees are allowed to work and contribute to the economy.
Climate Change: An Increasing Humanitarian Threat
Pakistan is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries in
the world. The floods in 2022, which displaced over 33 million people, starkly
illustrate how climate change exacerbates the humanitarian crisis.
Climate-induced displacement is now outpacing conflict-driven displacement
globally. In 2023 alone, climate disasters displaced three times more people
than wars and conflicts.
In response, humanitarian organizations are shifting towards
climate-resilient aid strategies. Some refugee camps now use solar power, and
aid agencies are adopting eco-friendly shelter materials to minimize
environmental impact. However, much more needs to be done. Disaster risk
reduction programs, early warning systems, and climate adaptation initiatives
must be scaled up to prevent future crises.
Technology: A Game Changer in Humanitarian Aid
Technology is transforming the delivery of aid. In refugee
camps, organizations like Mercy Corps and UNHCR are providing Wi-Fi access,
allowing displaced people to stay connected and access online education. The
World Food Program has introduced blockchain-based ID systems to ensure that
aid reaches the right people efficiently.
Drones are also playing a crucial role. In Malawi and
Rwanda, they are delivering vaccines to remote communities, reducing delivery
times from weeks to hours. Pakistan could benefit from similar innovations,
particularly in hard-to-reach areas affected by militancy, floods, and
earthquakes.
Localization: Empowering Local Organizations
Local organizations have a deep understanding of the unique
cultural, social, and political needs of their areas, enabling them to tailor
assistance precisely. They can respond quickly to needs, manage local processes
effectively, and access hard-to-reach regions. This fosters a sense of
community ownership, leading to sustainable solutions and better
accountability. Investing in local groups also helps them prepare for future
crises.
However, localization does come with challenges. In areas
prone to corruption, local organizations may face issues such as mismanagement
and favoritism. Some might lack the necessary skills to manage large projects,
potentially resulting in improper aid distribution. Security risks are high in
conflict zones, and poor financial management can create dependency.
To address these issues, it’s important to implement
safeguards. Local organizations should be thoroughly vetted, and training
should be provided to build their skills. Financial practices must be
transparent, with strict controls and audits in place. Community members should
monitor aid distribution, and partnerships with international groups can
strengthen efforts. By recognizing potential issues and establishing these
protections, localization can significantly improve the effectiveness of
humanitarian aid.
In 2016, the international community committed to allocating
25% of humanitarian funding directly to local organizations under the Grand
Bargain agreement, but as of 2023, only 2% of global aid reaches them. Pakistan
has a robust network of local NGOs and community-based organizations that are
critical in disaster response and refugee support. However, they often struggle
to access direct funding due to bureaucratic barriers and donor restrictions.
Increasing support for local organizations could enhance aid effectiveness and
ensure that communities receive timely assistance.
The Gaza Crisis: Straining the Global Humanitarian System
The ongoing war in Gaza has placed immense pressure on the
global humanitarian system. With over 2 million people urgently in need of aid,
international resources are being diverted to respond to this crisis. This
shift has further strained funding for existing emergencies, including those in
Pakistan.
The Gaza crisis also highlights the need for a more balanced
and sustainable humanitarian system—one that can respond to multiple crises
simultaneously without neglecting other vulnerable populations.
The Way Forward: Rethinking Humanitarian Aid
Pakistan’s humanitarian challenges require a multifaceted
approach that goes beyond traditional aid. The way forward necessitates a
comprehensive strategy that combines innovation with a strong commitment to
humanitarian support. We must focus on sustainable financing through
partnerships with the private sector and investment in climate adaptation
funds.
Legal reform is essential to protect the rights of refugees
and promote their integration into host communities. Additionally, supporting
local NGOs by removing funding barriers will empower them to lead aid efforts
effectively.
Utilizing technology can improve aid efficiency and
transparency, while investing in climate resilience is vital to mitigate future
disasters. Ultimately, we must advocate for a more equitable global aid system
that effectively addresses the complex challenges of simultaneous crises.
The humanitarian sector is at a crossroads. If Pakistan and
the global community fail to adapt, millions will continue to suffer. However,
if we embrace innovation, legal advocacy, and local leadership, we can build a
more effective and resilient aid system—one that not only responds to
emergencies but also prepares communities for the future.
Tahir Ali Shah is a humanitarian professional with over 25 years of experience managing protection and development programs across South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. tshaha@gmail.com
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